ABSTRACT
Background@#There has not been a thoroughly reported study of the comparison between spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with both ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and gonioscopy on the evaluation of the iridocorneal angle (ICA) in dogs. @*Objectives@#To investigate the diagnostic value of SD-OCT for the early detection of narrowing ICA by comparing and assessing inter-device agreement in anterior chamber angle (ACA) measurements obtained by SD-OCT and UBM, and ICA evaluations by gonioscopy. @*Methods@#A total of 28 eyes from 28 client-owned dogs with normal intraocular pressure were included for examination. The ACA and angle opening distance (AOD) were measured from the SD-OCT and UBM images, and gonioscopy images were analyzed using the ICA grade and ZibWest angle index. @*Results@#The mean ACA and AOD for SD-OCT were 28.31° ± 5.37° and 658.42 ± 219.90 µm, and for UBM, 28.34° ± 5.82° and 859.29 ± 221.80 µm, respectively. The mean difference in ACA between the average values of SD-OCT and UBM measurements was 0.03° with a 95% limit of agreement (LoA) span of 16.2°, indicating positive agreement; that in AOD was 200.85 µm with a 95% LoA span of 1,110.95 µm, indicating poor agreement. The Pearson correlation coefficient of the ACA of SD-OCT and ZibWest indices of gonioscopy was 0.624, indicating strong agreement; that of UBM and gonioscopy was 0.43, indicating moderate agreement. @*Conclusions@#SD-OCT is well tolerated by canine patients due to its non-contact method and might be an alternative option for early screening of ICA narrowing in clinical settings.
ABSTRACT
Two Shih-Tzu dogs with atopic dermatitis presented with delayed periocular dermatitis (PD) following the instillation of dorzolamide and dorzolamide/timolol combination eyedrops;the development of dermatologic signs took 94 and 104 d in cases 1 and 2, respectively.Hypersensitivity to anti-glaucoma eyedrops was highly suspected, and treatment was discontinued. Delayed PD was significantly relieved in cases 1 and 2, at days 155 and 64 after discontinuation, respectively. In this study, the clinical characteristics and progression of delayed PD were described to inform clinicians who may encounter this rare side effect.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to develop and validate Eating Behaviors Test form (EBT) for infants and young children, including eating behaviors of their parents and parental feeding practices. METHODS: Draft version of EBT form was developed after a pretest on 83 mothers. It was consisted of 42 questions including 3 components; eating behavior of children, eating behavior of parents, and parental feeding practices. Using these questionnaires, the first survey was conducted on 320 infants and children, 1 to 6 year old, for exploratory factor analysis, and the second survey was collected on 731 infants and children for confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis on 42 questions of EBT form resulted in 3 factor model for children's eating behavior, 3 factor model for parents' eating behavior, and 1 factor model for parental feeding practices. Three factors for children's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1, pickiness (reliability alpha=0.89; explanation of variance=27.79), factor 2, over activity (alpha=0.80, explanation of variance=16.51), and factor 3, irregularity (alpha=0.59, explanation of variance=10.01). Three factors for mother's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1,irregularities (alpha=0.73, explanation of variance=21.73), factor 2, pickiness (alpha=0.65, explanation of variance= 20.16), and factor 3, permissiveness (alpha=0.60, explanation of variance=19.13). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed an acceptance fit for these models. Internal consistencies for these factors were above 0.6. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that EBT form is a valid tool to measure comprehensive eating and feeding behaviors for infants and young children.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Infant , Eating , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Feeding Behavior , Mothers , Parents , Permissiveness , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The mortality and morbidity rate of hemodialysis patients (HD) remain high. Among many factors, protein and calorie malnutrition has been shown to be a major risk factor for increased mortality in the HD patients population. Malnutrition can be caused by insufficient amino acid intake, nutrient losses in dialysate, oxidant stress and muscle catabolism. In this study, we evaluated the association of markers of nutritional status and essential amino acids intake in HD patients. We investigated nutritional status of 41 HD patients (mean age: 64.2 +/- 11.5 y, men: 24, women: 27) by measuring anthropometric, biochemical parameters and food intakes by using 24 hr recall methods. Subject's total energy intake and total protein intake were 1,648.0 +/- 397.31 kcal/day, 79.2 +/- 27.2 g/day, respectively. The animal protein intake was 42.7 +/- 22.1 g/day, essential amino acids intake was 23.4 +/- 9.92 g/day, and the ratio of essential amino acids to total protein intake was 29.6 +/- 5.42%. There were significantly positive correlation between muscle mass and lean body mass with serum creatinine level (r = 0.435, p < 0.01; r = 0.435, p < 0,01). There were also significant positive correlation in muscle mass and lean body mass with pre hemodialysis blood urea nitrogen (preHD BUN)(r = 0.329, p < 0.05; r = 0.329, p < 0.05). There were no significant correlation in total energy intake and total protein intake per kg ideal body weight (IBW) to muscle mass and lean body mass. However, there were significantly positive correlation between the ratio of essential amino acids and muscle mass and lean body mass (r = 0.368, p < 0.05; r = 0.405, p < 0.01). And serum hematocrit concentration was positively correlated with the ratio of essential amino acids (r = 0.032, p < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that strong associations exist in essential amino acid intakes with malnutrition than total protein intakes in HD patient. In conclusion, specialized nutrition education should be necessary to efficiently improve the quality of protein intakes.